Earth pressures mobilised in dry sand with active rigid retaining wall movement

A series of centrifuge tests was conducted to explore the earth pressures mobilised in loose and dense sand for a complete set active movement modes rigid retaining wall: rotation about base, translation top. Earth behind wall were measured by Tekscan pressure mapping system. This paper reveals that at all depths decrease simultaneously with while those shallow layers can increase linkage between shear strains built as simplified constitutive law, together deformation mechanisms, allowing designers predict flexible deflections during construction well ultimate collapse.